Overview
Syringomyelia is a rare but severe condition characterised by the formation of a fluid-filled cyst, called a syrinx, within the spinal cord. It develops when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation around the spinal cord becomes obstructed, causing fluid to accumulate. There is no cure, but proper management enables many patients to maintain active lifestyles.
Symptoms
- Neck, shoulder, arm or back pain and stiffness
- Hand or foot numbness and tingling
- Arm or leg weakness or muscle wasting
- Walking difficulties or balance problems
- Bladder or bowel control loss
- Scoliosis development
- Sensory loss or reflex abnormalities
Causes
- Chiari malformation (most common cause)
- Spinal cord injuries
- Spinal tumors
- Spinal arachnoiditis (membrane inflammation)
Diagnosis
- Physical examination assessing weakness and neurological function
- MRI scan of the spine to look for a syrinx
- Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) for CSF analysis when indicated
Treatment Options
Monitoring
Mild cases are monitored for syrinx progression and symptom changes.
Surgery
Severe cases require surgery to remove the obstruction and drain the syrinx.
Symptomatic Care
Pain relievers and muscle relaxants for symptom management.
Medically reviewed by Dr. M.D.S. Sasidharan, Consultant Spine Surgeon, Iswarya Hospital OMR, Chennai. This information is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.