Overview
Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which one vertebra slips out of its normal position and shifts forward onto the vertebra below. This displacement can compress spinal nerves, leading to pain, numbness or weakness in the legs or lower back.
Symptoms
- Lower back pain, dull or sharp, radiating to buttocks or thighs
- Muscle tightness in the lower back
- Numbness or tingling in legs or feet
- Leg weakness from nerve compression
Causes
- Congenital — defects in the pars interarticularis present from birth
- Degenerative — age-related disc degeneration
- Traumatic — fractures from injury or accidents
- Isthmic — stress fractures from repetitive strain
Diagnosis
- Physical exam and symptom review
- X-rays, CT scans or MRI imaging to assess severity
Treatment Options
Conservative Care
Rest, physical therapy and pain medications for mild cases.
Surgery
Severe cases may require surgical realignment of vertebrae and nerve decompression.
Prevention
- Maintain proper posture
- Strengthen core muscles
- Maintain a healthy weight
Frequently Asked Questions
- Yes — mild cases respond well to physiotherapy, core strengthening and activity modification. Surgery is considered for higher-grade slips or persistent nerve symptoms.
Medically reviewed by Dr. M.D.S. Sasidharan, Consultant Spine Surgeon, Iswarya Hospital OMR, Chennai. This information is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.