Overview
Spinal stenosis occurs when the spaces within the spinal column narrow, putting pressure on the nerves and causing various symptoms. It develops from age-related degeneration and other structural changes in the spine.
Symptoms
- Pain in the back or legs
- Numbness or tingling in arms or legs
- Weakness in arms or legs
- Difficulty walking or standing for long periods
- Loss of bladder or bowel control in severe cases
Causes
- Age-related degeneration of the spine
- Bone spurs and herniated discs
- Trauma to the spine (fractures or dislocations)
- Tumours or growths within the spinal column
- Thickening of ligaments supporting the spine
- Inherited conditions affecting spine structure
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Imaging tests including X-rays, CT scans or MRI scans
Treatment Options
Medications
For pain and inflammation relief.
Physical Therapy
For strength and flexibility improvement.
Steroid Injections
To reduce swelling and pain.
Surgery
To relieve nerve pressure.
Lifestyle Modifications
Weight loss and activity adjustments.
Prevention
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise regularly
- Practise good posture
Frequently Asked Questions
- Treatment is tailored to severity: most patients benefit from physical therapy, activity modification and occasionally injections. Surgery (decompression) is reserved for significant or progressive symptoms.
- The underlying narrowing cannot be reversed, but symptoms can be very effectively relieved — decompression surgery in particular can restore walking distance and reduce leg pain.
Medically reviewed by Dr. M.D.S. Sasidharan, Consultant Spine Surgeon, Iswarya Hospital OMR, Chennai. This information is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.