Overview
A slipped disc — also known as a herniated or prolapsed disc — occurs when the soft, jelly-like centre of a spinal disc protrudes through a tear in the disc's tough outer layer. The condition can pressure nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness or weakness. It affects people of all ages but is more common in adults aged 35–55.
Symptoms
- Pain in the back, neck or legs, dull or sharp and worsening with movement
- Numbness or tingling in arms, hands, legs or feet
- Muscle weakness in affected areas
- Loss of bladder or bowel control in severe cases
Causes
- Ageing — discs lose water content and become less flexible
- Trauma — sudden forceful impacts such as falls or car accidents
- Poor posture — extended desk work putting excessive spine pressure
- Repetitive strain — heavy lifting or twisting motions
Treatment Options
Rest
To reduce pain and inflammation.
Medications
NSAIDs or muscle relaxants for symptom management.
Physical Therapy
For strengthening and mobility.
Corticosteroid Injections
To reduce inflammation.
Surgery
Severe cases may require removal of herniated disc material.
Prevention
- Maintain proper posture when sitting or standing
- Exercise regularly to strengthen back muscles
- Use proper lifting techniques
- Stop smoking to improve spinal disc blood flow
Frequently Asked Questions
- Yes — many herniated discs improve over weeks to months as the body reabsorbs the displaced material and inflammation settles, especially with physical therapy and activity modification.
- Surgery is considered when severe pain persists despite 6+ weeks of conservative care, or when there is progressive weakness, numbness, or loss of bladder/bowel control (a surgical emergency).
- Yes. Endoscopic discectomy is a day-care, minimally invasive option for many herniated discs, with a small incision, quick recovery and high success rate.
Medically reviewed by Dr. M.D.S. Sasidharan, Consultant Spine Surgeon, Iswarya Hospital OMR, Chennai. This information is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.