Overview
Sciatica is characterised by pain radiating along the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back, through the buttocks, and down the back of each leg. It is most commonly caused by a herniated disc pressing against the sciatic nerve.
Symptoms
- Sharp, shooting pain that radiates down the leg
- Numbness or tingling in the leg or foot
- Weakness in the leg or foot
- Pain that worsens when sitting or standing for long periods
- Difficulty walking or standing up straight
Causes
- Herniated disc (most common cause)
- Spinal stenosis (spinal canal narrowing)
- Spondylolisthesis (a vertebra slips out of place)
- Spinal injury
Diagnosis
- Physical examination and medical history review
- Imaging tests including X-rays, CT scans or MRIs
Treatment Options
Conservative Care
OTC pain relievers, prescription medications and physical therapy.
Corticosteroid Injections
To reduce swelling around the nerve.
Surgery
For cases where conservative treatments fail.
Prevention
- Maintain good posture
- Avoid excessive lower back strain
- Exercise and stretch regularly
Frequently Asked Questions
- Most cases of sciatica improve within 4–6 weeks with conservative care such as rest, physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medication. If pain persists beyond this or there is leg weakness, an evaluation by a spine specialist is recommended.
- No. The large majority of sciatica resolves without surgery. Surgery is considered only when conservative treatment fails, or when there is significant nerve compression causing weakness or loss of bladder/bowel control.
- Prolonged sitting or standing, heavy lifting, sudden twisting and poor posture can aggravate sciatica. Maintaining good posture and gentle movement usually helps more than complete bed rest.
Medically reviewed by Dr. M.D.S. Sasidharan, Consultant Spine Surgeon, Iswarya Hospital OMR, Chennai. This information is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.