Overview
Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) is a severe condition that occurs when the nerves at the base of the spinal cord are compressed. The primary cause is a herniated disc, though spinal tumours, infections, stenosis and trauma can also be responsible. Emergency surgery may be necessary to prevent permanent nerve damage.
Symptoms
- Severe back pain
- Sciatica
- Numbness or tingling in the legs
- Bowel or bladder dysfunction
- Leg weakness
- In severe cases, leg paralysis or loss of bowel/bladder function
Causes
- Herniated disc (primary cause)
- Spinal tumours
- Infections
- Spinal stenosis
- Trauma
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Review of symptoms and medical history
- Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans
Prevention
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Practise good posture
- Avoid smoking
- Engage in low-impact exercise such as walking or swimming
Frequently Asked Questions
- Yes. Cauda equina syndrome is a surgical emergency. Loss of bladder or bowel control, saddle numbness or rapidly worsening leg weakness requires immediate medical attention to prevent permanent damage.
Medically reviewed by Dr. M.D.S. Sasidharan, Consultant Spine Surgeon, Iswarya Hospital OMR, Chennai. This information is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.